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Indus River

Indus River – Origin, Course, Importance & Facts

The Indus River is one of the most prominent and ancient rivers of the Indian subcontinent. Originating in Tibet, it flows through India and Pakistan before merging into the Arabian Sea. It has shaped the history, culture, and economy of South Asia for thousands of years.

Origin of Indus River

The Indus River originates from the Tibetan Plateau, near Lake Manasarovar, in China. From there, it flows northwest through Ladakh in India, then enters Pakistan.

Course of the River

  • Total Length: Approximately 3,180 kilometers (1,976 miles)
  • Countries Covered: China, India, and Pakistan
  • Mouth: Arabian Sea, near Karachi, Pakistan

Major Tributaries

Some of the important tributaries of the Indus River include:

  • Jhelum River
  • Chenab River
  • Ravi River
  • Beas River
  • Sutlej River

These tributaries form the Indus River System, one of the largest irrigation systems in the world.

Historical Significance

The Indus River was the lifeline of the Indus Valley Civilization, one of the world’s earliest urban civilizations (c. 2500 BCE). Cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-Daro flourished on its banks.

Religious and Cultural Importance

Though not as sacred as the Ganga River, the Indus holds importance in Hindu texts and was known as "Sindhu" in ancient times. The name India is derived from the word Indus.

Agricultural Importance

In Pakistan, the Indus is the primary source of water for agriculture, supporting the country's economy. Massive canal systems draw water from the river to irrigate millions of acres.

Environmental Concerns

  • Climate change affecting glaciers in the Himalayas
  • Water sharing disputes
  • Pollution and overuse for irrigation

Interesting Facts about Indus River

  • It is the longest river in Pakistan.
  • The word "Hindu" is derived from "Sindhu" (Sanskrit name of Indus).
  • The Indus River Dolphin, an endangered species, is found only in this river.

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